Abstract: Addressing the limitations of traditional reinforced concrete (RC) beams in corrosive environments and under high durability requirements, the study investigates the flexural behavior of a novel CFRP-reinforced concrete beam system formed by combining carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars with concrete. By comparing three test beams with varying reinforcement ratios and concrete cover depths, the research aims to elucidate the influence of CFRP bars on the beam's load-carrying capacity, crack development, and failure mode, thereby providing a design basis for engineering applications. The investigation employed a monotonic static loading test under two-point concentrated loading. This was coupled with crack observation, mid-span deflection measurement, and concrete strain monitoring to systematically analyze the crack propagation, load-displacement response, and failure characteristics of the RC beams with CFRP bars. The primary test variables were the reinforcement ratio and concrete cover depth. Comparative analysis of the test data was used to validate the plane section assumption and the bond behavior at the CFRP-concrete interface. The research results indicate that the failure mode was characterized as flexural failure. CFRP bars exhibited adequate bond performance with the concrete, and the plane section assumption was satisfied. Increasing the reinforcement ratio enhanced the specimen's load-carrying capacity. However, increasing the concrete cover depth resulted in a reduction in capacity. Higher reinforcement ratios led to a tendency for a reduced number of cracks, but an increase in crack width. Increased cover depth restrained the number of cracks but aggravated the development of crack widths. The beams are suitable for corrosive environments or lightweight structures. However, the reinforcement ratio and concrete cover depth must be optimally controlled to balance strength requirements and crack control objectives. In engineering applications, close attention should be paid to crack width verification and the anchorage design for CFRP bars. The research outcomes provide critical parameters for the codification of design codes and the promotion of engineering applications for CFRP bars concrete beams.