Abstract: Improving the construction management level of urban roads is key to ensuring the quality of urban transportation networks and promoting the sustainable maintenance of urban infrastructure. Existing research was more limited to individual projects or isolated aspects, lacking systematic diagnosis across multiple engineering cases and over extended periods, which makes it difficult to effectively guide engineering practice. This study focuses on over 60 urban road projects under construction in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. Utilizing automated text analysis based on large language models, the research conducts comprehensive, micro-level, and cross-temporal statistical analysis and mining of quarterly quality, safety, and site inspection problem reports over four years. Results reveal that internal documentation, safety and site management, and physical quality issues constitute the “three persistent challenges”, covering most problems that may arise during construction. While personnel contract compliance does not directly impact project quality, participating units tend to overlook it, leading to repeated violations. As quarterly inspections and rectifications progress, the number of construction management problems declines significantly, indicating that regular specialized inspections can effectively ensure the quality of urban roads. High-frequency problems include inadequate supervision performance, fabrication and “logical inconsistencies” in internal documentation, insufficient identification of construction and fire safety hazards, etc. Regular specialized inspection is an effective mean to ensure project quality. Participating units must draw broader lessons and implement closed-loop rectification, while construction management units should strengthen oversight, accountability, and unified training to establish a long-term governance mechanism.