Abstract: Self-built buildings serve as the core carrier for the production and living of urban and rural residents, and their safety status is directly related to public safety and the overall situation of social stability. Strengthening safety governance of self-built buildings, particularly the safety regulation of those used for business purposes, represents a critical measure to ensure public welfare. To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of safety rectification of self-built houses in Ningxia and explore optimization pathways, this study conducted field research on a total of 15,167 self-built buildings in Yinchuan, Shizuishan, and Ningdong from 2024 to 2025. Employing methods of data collation, problem diagnosis, and countermeasure analysis, the study examined the current safety status and characteristics of these houses, performing quantitative statistics and cross-analysis on hazard types, regional distribution, rectification progress, and information entry quality. The research findings indicate that while major safety hazards in commercially operated self-built buildings across the region have been effectively controlled, prominent issues persist in the rectification work, including misjudgment of safety evaluation grades, errors in information entry, and poor coordination of responsibilities among collaborative governance entities. For instance, the problem of missing engineering measure information is the most prominent, reaching up to 86% in certain areas; among buildings that have undergone safety assessment, an average of 11.67% have incomplete or unuploaded reports; issues such as incorrect or incomplete rectification information entry and inadequate measures account for 77.8%; and over 80% of the inspection and rectification information was entered by non-professionals. The research concludes that constructing a smart supervision platform, implementing tiered and categorized rectification, and strengthening cross-departmental coordination mechanisms are key pathways to enhancing the safety governance capacity for self-built houses. These findings can provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for building a long-term safety prevention and control system.