Abstract: With the accelerated process of urban renewal, the spatial conflicts between old city renewal projects and existing rail transit lines have become increasingly prominent. The impacts of vibrations and secondary noise induced by subway operation on building safety and residential comfort urgently require quantitative assessment and the formulation of control bases. Taking a high-rise building project in an urban village renewal area in Guangzhou as the research object, this study established a 3D numerical model of subway tunnel-stratum-building using Midas GTS NX. A comprehensive whole-process analysis of the vibration response of the high-rise building caused by subway operation was conducted through methods including on-site vibration source intensity monitoring, finite element numerical simulation analysis, and in-situ vibration measurement inside the building after capping. The research results show that: (1) The MIDAS-GTS numerical model established based on on-site measured data can effectively simulate the propagation of subway vibrations, and its prediction results are highly consistent with the measured data after the building is capped, which verifies the applicability and reliability of this method for vibration pre-assessment of similar projects; (2) The measured results indicate that both the maximum Z-vibration level and secondary noise of the building caused by subway operation meet the limits specified in national codes, which confirms the feasibility of ensuring building comfort in old city renewal projects adjacent to subways through refined assessment; (3) The building vibration response induced by the subway presents a distribution law in the vertical direction that "the vibration response of low and high floors is greater than that of middle floors", and in the planar direction, it is concentrated in the large-span floor slab areas close to the subway side. This study provides a technical route that balances safety and comfort for old city renewal projects adjacent to subways, and offers a quantitative basis for the vibration reduction optimization design of large-span floor slabs and structures close to the track side.