Abstract: With the large-scale promotion of infrastructure construction in our country, we are constantly facing various complex working conditions, which requires cement-based materials to have better working performance. Nanomaterials have the characteristics of small size and high surface energy, and are gradually being applied in cement concrete, becoming a current research hotspot. Nanomaterials can not only serve as nucleation sites, reduce the nucleation energy barrier, promote the precipitation of hydration products and the early hydration rate of cement. Meanwhile, some nanomaterials with volcanic ash activity can directly participate in the cement hydration reaction, jointly promoting the early strength development of cement concrete. This article reviews the application of nano materials such as nano SiO₂, CaCO₃, nano C-S-H, and graphene oxide in concrete at home and abroad, starting from two categories of volcanic ash active nano materials and inert nano materials. The impact of different nano materials on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete is compared and analyzed, and the problems in the application process of various nano materials in concrete are pointed out, Provide theoretical guidance for the practical engineering applications of various nanomaterials.