Abstract: In order to improve the construction efficiency and structural performance of prefabricated steel structures, this study focuses on the application of cold-formed thin-walled steel composite floor slabs in prefabricated steel structures. The floor slab adopts a novel ribbed fiber cement board composited with light steel keels, which is prefabricated in the factory and transported to the site for installation. It forms an integrated system by bolting to the primary and secondary beams, eliminating the need for concrete pouring. This design features lightweight yet high strength, with overall stiffness and bending resistance superior to conventional concrete composite floor slabs. Based on the finite element analysis of SAP2000, the study considers the differences between the actual (elastic) floor slabs and the assumption of a rigid floor slabs, modeling the overall structure for both pure steel frames and cold-formed thin-walled steel structures.The vibration period, wind load, inter-story drift angle under frequent horizontal seismic actions, and internal force analysis of the model under different load combinations are carried out. At the same time, in combination with the actual engineering application, the prefabricated construction technology of the cold-formed thin-walled steel composite floor slabs is summarized. The results show that the cold-formed thin-walled steel composite floor slab can significantly reduce the bending moment and shear force of the steel frame and effectively improve the overall stiffness of the structure. In actual engineering applications, the prefabricated construction technology of this floor slabs has realized fully dry-assembled construction, increasing steel utilization by 6% with favorable construction outcomes. The cold-formed thin-walled steel composite floor slab has significant application advantages in prefabricated steel structures and can provide a useful reference for the structural design and construction of similar projects.