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无解除通行生命绳支座研究

Research on a Non-release Passable Support for Horizontal Lifelines

  • 摘要: 针对高处作业水平生命绳在中间支点反复摘钩通行、形成安全防护空白的问题,提出一种由钢管立杆和旋转十字转盘组成的无解除通行生命绳支座,利用“空间换位、承托接力”原理,通过拔销、旋转、换销、复位等步骤使安全带挂扣全程不脱离生命绳跨越支点,消除传统“摘钩—越过—重新挂钩”操作中的防护空白期。采用品茗结构通软件建立整体模型,在5 kN竖向集中荷载下按GB 50017-2017验算杆件强度、压弯稳定性及关键节点,并结合现场计时与成本测算进行对比。计算结果表明:主要杆件最大弯曲应力167.99 N/mm2小于Q235抗弯强度设计值205 N/mm2;压弯构件平面内、平面外稳定计算值0.751、0.068,均小于1.0;插销、孔壁、焊缝及扣件等节点验算均满足规范要求。计时与成本对比表明:本支座单支点通过时间约7 s,较直接解扣方式约3 s增加约133%,但安全暴露时间由2 s降为0 s;单个支座制作成本43.75元(材料取自现场尾料,仅计加工费),较专用无解除支座及配套构件99元/支点降低约55.8%。该支座以适度时间代价换取全程连续防护,消除了坠落风险敞口,且就地取材、可跨工地周转、经济可行,为同类高处作业提供了实用方案。

     

    Abstract: To address the protection gaps caused by repeated unhooking at intermediate supports of horizontal lifelines during work at height, this study proposes a non-release passable lifeline support composed of a steel pipe upright and a rotating cross turntable. Based on the principle of "spatial transposition and load-bearing relay," the support enables the safety lanyard to cross the support point while remaining continuously attached to the lifeline through the steps of pin removal, rotation, pin replacement, and resetting, thereby eliminating the protection gap inherent in the conventional "unhooking—crossing over—rehooking" operation. An overall model was established using Pinming Structure Software and verified under a 5 kN vertical concentrated load in accordance with GB 50017-2017, covering member strength, compression-bending stability, and key joints, together with field timing tests and cost estimation. The results show that the maximum bending stress of the main members is 167.99 N/mm2, lower than the Q235 steel design bending strength of 205 N/mm2; the in-plane and out-of-plane stability values of the compression-bending members are 0.751 and 0.068, both below 1.0; and the checks of pin shear, hole-wall bearing, weld strength, and fastener slip resistance all meet the code requirements. The timing and cost comparison shows that the average passage time per support is about 7 s, approximately 133% longer than that of the direct unhooking method (about 3 s), while the unprotected exposure time drops from about 2 s to 0 s; the fabrication cost per support is 43.75 yuan (materials sourced from on-site surplus materials, counting only processing labor), about 55.8% lower than the 99 yuan per support of a dedicated non-release support with accessories. Trading a moderate time cost for continuous protection, the support eliminates the fall-risk exposure and features local materials, cross-site reuse, and economic feasibility, providing a practical solution for similar work at height.

     

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