Abstract: There are significant differences in the mechanical behavior of large-span single-layer latticed shell structures between the construction phase and the design state, and the control of their safety and stability stands as a core challenge in engineering. Taking the Transportation Center of Terminal T3 at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport as an engineering case, finite element software Midas Gen was adopted for the full construction process simulation. The study focuses on the structure’s static performance and stability under design conditions, while examining displacement, stress, and stability metrics during key construction stages. These stages include unit assembly and welding, segmental hoisting, cable tensioning, and supporting jig unloading. The analysis shows that under the design state, the structure’s first-order buckling load factor is 20.7 and the geometrically nonlinear critical load factor is 15.02—both much higher than code requirements, indicating sufficient stability reserve. Simulation results of the entire construction process demonstrate that the maximum structural deflection is 14.69 mm, well below the code limit L/400, satisfying the stiffness requirement. The maximum member stress is 70.24 MPa, far less than the design strength of 305 MPa, the structure remains safe and controllable, confirming the feasibility of the construction scheme. By simulating the entire construction process of large-span spatial structures, this study analyzes changes in mechanical properties, stability, and construction safety of complex structures during construction. It verifies the technical feasibility of the construction scheme, effectively prevents construction risks, provides data support for construction safety assessment, and offers engineering practice guidance for formulating construction schemes and conducting construction analysis of similar large-span spatial steel structures.