Abstract: Energy conservation and emission reduction constitute the core trend of green development in the concrete industry. The extensive use of traditional cement is neither in line with low-carbon requirements nor imposes pressure from excessive resource consumption. As key materials for the resource utilization of solid waste, mineral admixtures can not only reduce the carbon footprint of concrete but also are expected to improve its mechanical properties.To clarify the influence laws and mechanisms of action of mineral admixtures on the mechanical properties of concrete, five types of mineral admixtures, namely fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, rice husk ash, and zeolite powder, were selected, and their mechanisms of action on the mechanical properties of concrete were analyzed from the dimensions of pore structure optimization, pozzolanic reaction enhancement, and microstructural regulation; the study revealed that mineral admixtures can optimize the pore structure of concrete by refining pores and reducing the proportion of harmful pores, and through pozzolanic reactions, they generate calcium silicate hydrate gel, significantly improving properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus, while variations in dosage, particle gradation, inherent reactivity, and pretreatment methods alter these effects (e.g., silica fume exhibits a prominent early-age strength enhancement effect, while fly ash requires dosage regulation to balance the early- and late-age strength development); reasonable regulation of the dosage, particle gradation, and composite formulation of mineral admixtures can precisely meet the requirements for the mechanical properties and durability of concrete, providing support for the mix proportion design and engineering application of high-performance concrete.