Abstract: In the context of China's carbon neutrality goal, promoting the disposal of food sludge is crucial for achieving efficient resource utilization, reducing pollution, and meeting carbon industry targets. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the characteristics and main disposal technologies of food sludge, summarizes the carbon emission factors and compensation factors associated with these technologies, and offers insights into future opportunities and challenges in industrial development. The results show that carbon emissions from sludge disposal process mainly include energy source carbon emissions, greenhouse gas emission, and carbon compensation from energy recovery and product recycling. Wherein, anaerobic digestion and pyrolytic carbonization have good negative carbon emission potential. In the context of carbon neutrality, the future disposal of food sludge should aim at the efficient recovery of energy and the efficient recycling of materials, and realize the resource utilization and carbon emission reduction of food sludge disposal by reducing process energy consumption, controlling gas emission, and recycling biomass energy.