Abstract: To address the susceptibility of single-column pier bridges to overturning under heavy traffic loads, this study focuses on an existing municipal single-column pier bridge project with significant overturning risk, conducting in-depth research on reinforcement measures and construction techniques. Through comparative analysis, a steel cap beam-based anti-overturning reinforcement scheme was selected, converting the box girder support system from a single-bearing configuration to a three-bearing configuration. Model calculations demonstrate that the overturning stability coefficient increased from a minimum of 0.15 to 2.85, meeting the code requirement of 2.5. This fully validates the feasibility of the reinforcement scheme, effectively improving the stress distribution within the box girder's lateral support system and significantly enhancing the overturning resistance of single-bearing single-column pier bridges. Further exploration focused on reinforcement construction techniques under constraints such as limited bridge-bottom space and urgent vehicle traffic requirements. Key construction points for overturning resistance reinforcement of single-column pier bridges were summarized across three aspects: steel cap beam prefabrication, steel cap beam installation, and bearing installation. This approach effectively enhances construction quality and efficiency, providing crucial reference for similar bridge reinforcement projects.