Abstract: With the aim to promote the quality of plantlets, explored the effects of different kinds of inorganic salts and concentrations on the number of seedings, yellow leaves rate and mutation rates of Calathea sanderiana. By using L₉(3⁴) orthogonal test, the effects of calcium chloride（CaCl₂）, magnesium sulfate（MgSO₄）, trace elements（Micro）and ferric salt （EDTA-Fe）on the seedling of Calathea sanderiana were studied under the condition of three concentrations, 0.5X, 1.0Xand 1.5X (X=the concentration in MS). The results showed that the four kinds of inorganic salts had different effects on the plantlets of Calathea sanderiana. The influence of CaCl₂ was the greatest on yellow leaves rate and the difference was very significant. When the concentration of CaCl₂ was 1.5X, the lowest yellow leaves rate was 5.88%. The influence of Micro was the greatest on mutation rate and the difference was very significant. When the concentration of Micro was 1.0X, the lowest mutation rate was 8.13%. Taken together, when the concentration of CaCl₂ was 1.5X, and the concentration of MgSO₄ was 1.5X,and the concentration of Micro was 1.0X,and the concentration of EDTA-Fe was 0.5X, the growth of plantlets was the best.