Abstract: Amid rapid urbanization, the protection and adaptive renewal of historic towns have become pressing concerns. This study, focusing on Fengzhou Ancient City in Quanzhou, applies landscape gene theory integrated with the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) “stratification” concept to systematically analyze its historical evolution, spatial patterns, architectural landscapes, and social customs. Core landscape genes identified include the mountain-water configuration, historic architecture, Maritime Silk Road culture, and clan beliefs. Utilizing archival research, fieldwork, and GIS spatial analysis, the study reveals the continuity and dynamic evolution of these genes. Findings indicate strong alignment between the landscape gene principles of integrity, authenticity, and continuity and the HUL emphasis on wholeness, dynamism, and interrelation. Based on this, a conservation planning framework is proposed, emphasizing protection of natural patterns and sightlines, integration of landscape axes and ecological nodes, and functional optimization to enhance urban vitality. This framework offers theoretical and practical guidance for the preservation and revitalization of Fengzhou Ancient City and comparable historic sites.