Abstract: The complexity of the construction environment, the diversity of construction technology, and the uncertainty of construction personnel's behavior contribute to the occurrence of frequent production safety accidents in the field of building construction, resulting in a significant number of casualties and property losses annually. This paper analyzes the direct and indirect causes of accidents based on the investigation reports of 167 large and above production safety accidents in the process of construction. It analyzes the direct and indirect causes of accidents from the four factors of "Person, Machine, Environment and Management" classifies the causes of various accidents into categories and statistics, and ranks the importance of risk according to the number of times it is mentioned. The keywords of each accident are coded to analyze the risk transmission paths of the causal factors in each production safety accident. Based on this analysis, recommendations are made regarding the management of construction enterprises, education and training of employees, supervision of functional departments, and other measures to reduce the risk of production safety accidents in the construction process.